The critical metrics used by a firm in analyzing financial statements result in different facets of the company's financial position:

Profitability Ratios: These assess the capability of the firm to raise profits through its operations.

Gross Profit Margin: A measure that gives the percentage of revenue left above the COGS, thus the firm's efficiency in producing. It is calculated as Gross Profit/Revenue * 100.
Operating Profit Margin: This is the ratio that gives the percentage of revenue left after deducting operating expenses. This reflects the operational efficiency and is stated as (Operating Income / Revenue) * 100.
Net Profit Margin: This ratio will work under the formula of (Net Income/Revenue) *100. This is the level at which revenue is converted into a net profit, giving a definite expression of absolute profitability after the all expenses.
Liquidity Ratios This group of ratios deals with the readiness of the firm to pay all its short-term obligations.